General

Category: General

Major Careers in Environmental Studies and Ecology: Protecting Our Planet’s Future

As the world grapples with environmental challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, careers in environmental studies and ecology are more important than ever. These fields offer diverse and impactful career paths that allow individuals to make a tangible difference in preserving our planet. For students interested in understanding ecosystems, promoting sustainability, and advocating for the environment, here’s a guide to some of the major careers in environmental studies and ecology.

  1. Environmental Scientist
    Environmental scientists study and analyze the environment to identify, understand, and address ecological and human-made problems. They collect data, conduct fieldwork, and develop solutions to reduce pollution, protect resources, and mitigate the impacts of climate change. This career combines field research with data analysis, making it ideal for those who enjoy hands-on science with real-world applications.
  2. Ecologist
    Ecologists study ecosystems and the relationships between organisms and their environments. They may work in various settings, from national parks to laboratories, researching topics such as biodiversity, population dynamics, and ecosystem health. Ecologists play a vital role in conservation efforts, helping to preserve species and habitats under threat from human activities.
  3. Conservation Biologist
    Conservation biologists focus on protecting biodiversity by developing strategies to conserve species, habitats, and ecosystems. They may work with government agencies, NGOs, or wildlife organizations to address threats like habitat loss and climate change. Conservation biologists are essential for developing action plans to restore ecosystems and protect endangered species.
  4. Environmental Engineer
    Environmental engineers apply engineering principles to address environmental issues. They design systems to manage waste, reduce pollution, and conserve resources. This field often involves developing water treatment plants, air pollution control systems, and sustainable waste disposal methods. Environmental engineers are problem-solvers who contribute directly to creating cleaner and more sustainable environments.
  5. Wildlife Biologist
    Wildlife biologists study animal populations, behaviors, and habitats, working to protect wildlife and their ecosystems. They may conduct field research, monitor endangered species, and develop conservation strategies. Wildlife biologists are crucial for understanding how human activities impact wildlife and advising on measures to reduce harm and protect biodiversity.
  6. Climate Scientist
    Climate scientists study the Earth’s climate and work to understand the causes and effects of climate change. They analyze data from sources like satellite imagery and climate models to predict future climate scenarios. This field is critical as scientists work to provide data that informs policies and actions to mitigate climate change’s effects on ecosystems, weather patterns, and human populations.
  7. Environmental Policy Analyst
    Environmental policy analysts research and advocate for policies that protect the environment. They work with government agencies, NGOs, and think tanks to analyze the effectiveness of environmental regulations, recommend improvements and promote sustainable practices. Policy analysts are instrumental in shaping laws and policies that aim to reduce environmental harm and encourage conservation.
  8. Environmental Consultant
    Environmental consultants work with businesses, governments, and nonprofits to help them comply with environmental regulations and implement sustainable practices. They assess environmental impacts, conduct site assessments, and advise on how to minimize damage. Environmental consulting is a growing field, especially as industries seek ways to reduce their ecological footprints and comply with environmental laws.
  9. Urban Planner
    Urban planners design and develop urban areas with a focus on sustainability and livability. They consider environmental impacts, green spaces, and transportation systems when planning city layouts. Urban planners play a key role in making cities more sustainable by promoting efficient land use, minimizing environmental impacts, and encouraging green building practices.
  10. Environmental Educator
    Environmental educators raise awareness about environmental issues and conservation practices through teaching and outreach. They work in schools, museums, nature centers, and parks, engaging people of all ages in learning about ecology, sustainability, and environmental stewardship. Educators inspire the next generation to care for the planet and adopt sustainable habits.
  11. Forestry and Conservation Manager
    Forestry and conservation managers oversee forests, parks, and other natural resources, ensuring they are sustainably managed. They may work with public agencies or private organizations to maintain forest health, prevent fires, and promote biodiversity. This career is ideal for those who enjoy working outdoors and are passionate about preserving natural landscapes.
  12. Sustainability Specialist
    Sustainability specialists work with organizations to create and implement sustainable practices. They help businesses reduce waste, improve energy efficiency, and develop sustainable supply chains. Sustainability specialists play a crucial role in guiding companies toward environmental responsibility and ensuring that their operations align with sustainable values.
  13. Marine Biologist
    Marine biologists study life in oceans and other saltwater environments. They may research marine organisms, ecosystems, and the impacts of pollution on marine life. This field is essential for protecting ocean biodiversity, understanding the effects of climate change on marine habitats, and developing strategies to preserve ocean health.
  14. Soil and Plant Scientist
    Soil and plant scientists study soil composition and plant growth, helping to improve agricultural productivity and conservation. They work on sustainable farming practices, soil health, and the development of crops that require fewer resources. Soil and plant scientists contribute to food security and environmental health through sustainable agriculture practices.
  15. Environmental Health and Safety Specialist
    Environmental health and safety specialists focus on protecting human health from environmental hazards. They identify risks related to pollution, chemicals, and waste, developing safety protocols to minimize exposure and harm. This role is crucial in industries like manufacturing, where specialists help ensure safe, environmentally responsible operations.
  16. Renewable Energy Specialist
    Renewable energy specialists work on developing and implementing renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal power. They research and design energy systems that reduce reliance on fossil fuels, contributing to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. This field is rapidly growing as more countries invest in clean energy.
  17. Hydrologist
    Hydrologists study water resources, including rivers, lakes, and groundwater. They analyze how water moves through ecosystems, examining the effects of human activities on water quality and availability. Hydrologists are essential for managing water resources sustainably, especially in regions facing water scarcity.
  18. Environmental Lawyer
    Environmental lawyers advocate for environmental protection through legal channels. They may work with nonprofits, government agencies, or private firms to address environmental violations, draft regulations, and represent cases related to conservation and pollution control. Environmental lawyers are key in shaping environmental laws and defending ecological rights.
  19. Ecotoxicologist
    Ecotoxicologists study the effects of toxic chemicals on the environment and wildlife. They assess pollution impacts on ecosystems, helping to create policies that limit harmful chemical exposure. This career is essential for protecting biodiversity and public health from the adverse effects of pollution.
  20. Energy Auditor
    Energy auditors assess buildings and facilities to evaluate energy efficiency and recommend improvements. They conduct inspections, analyze energy use, and suggest ways to reduce energy consumption. Energy auditors help organizations and individuals reduce costs, conserve resources, and contribute to sustainability goals.

Conclusion: Making a Difference for the Planet
Careers in environmental studies and ecology offer meaningful ways to make a positive impact on the world. Whether you’re interested in field research, policy advocacy, or sustainable design, these professions contribute to a more sustainable, healthier planet. For those passionate about protecting ecosystems and promoting environmental responsibility, these 20 careers are just the beginning of a rewarding journey.

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a rising junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also a co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medicinal Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

Preparing for the MCAT: Your Guide to Success

The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is one of the most critical steps for aspiring medical students. This challenging, standardized exam is designed to test your knowledge of the sciences, analytical thinking, and critical reasoning skills, as well as your understanding of behavioral sciences. Preparing for the MCAT requires strategy, discipline, and the right resources. Here’s a guide to help you navigate your preparation and achieve your best score.

Understand the MCAT Structure and Content
The MCAT is a comprehensive exam that assesses your knowledge and reasoning in four main sections:

  • Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems: This section focuses on chemistry, physics, and biochemistry.
  • Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS): This part tests reading comprehension, analytical skills, and critical thinking.
  • Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems: This section focuses on biology, biochemistry, and organic chemistry.
  • Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior: This section includes psychology, sociology, and human behavior concepts.

    Each section has a time limit, and understanding the structure helps you know what to expect and plan your time accordingly. Familiarizing yourself with the exam’s format and question types is the first step toward effective preparation.

Create a Study Schedule
The MCAT requires an organized and disciplined study plan, typically involving 3-6 months of dedicated preparation. Begin by evaluating your current strengths and weaknesses across each section. Once you know where to focus, create a weekly study schedule that includes:

  • Content Review: Allocate time for each subject and work on the topics you’re less familiar with.
  • Practice Questions: Integrate practice questions to apply what you’ve learned and identify areas for improvement.
  • Full-Length Practice Exams: Aim to complete full-length practice tests every few weeks to simulate the actual test day experience. Gradually increase your practice frequency as you approach the test date.

Having a balanced schedule that includes both content review and practice will help you build confidence and improve your time management.

Use Quality Study Materials
Choosing the right study materials is essential. Here are some resources that can help you prepare effectively:

  • Official AAMC Materials: The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) offers official practice exams, question packs, and section-specific question sets. These materials closely mimic the actual exam and are invaluable for realistic practice.
  • Kaplan and Princeton Review: These companies offer comprehensive review books, question banks, and online courses. They’re popular choices for structured content review.
  • Quizlet: Quizlet is particularly helpful for memorizing terminology and key concepts in psychology, biology, and biochemistry.
  • Bozeman Science on YouTube: This YouTube channel provides concise, informative videos that can help you grasp difficult concepts in biology and chemistry.
  • Anki Flashcards: Anki is great for spaced repetition, a technique proven to enhance long-term retention. Many students use pre-made MCAT flashcard decks to review high-yield topics consistently.

Practice, Practice, Practice
Practice is key to succeeding on the MCAT. Start by working on section-specific questions to improve your understanding and pacing. As you progress, begin taking full-length practice exams under timed conditions. This not only builds stamina but also helps you refine your pacing, which is crucial since the MCAT is a long exam (about 7.5 hours with breaks). After each practice exam, spend time reviewing every question, especially the ones you got wrong or guessed on. This process helps you identify weak areas and better understand your mistakes, making your next attempt more effective.

Master the Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS) Section
The CARS section can be one of the trickiest parts of the MCAT since it requires strong reading comprehension and critical thinking skills rather than scientific knowledge. Here are some tips to excel in this section:

  • Practice Reading Daily: Regularly read complex articles in subjects like philosophy, history, and sociology to build reading stamina and analytical skills.
  • Work on Timing: Practice answering CARS passages under timed conditions to improve your pacing.
  • Focus on the Passage: Don’t rely on external knowledge; the answers are always within the passage. Read carefully and practice identifying the main ideas, arguments, and assumptions.

Build a Support System and Stay Motivated
Preparing for the MCAT can be overwhelming, so it’s helpful to have a support system. Study groups, online forums like Reddit’s r/MCAT, or even a study partner can provide motivation, accountability, and shared resources. Being part of a community can help you stay motivated and remind you that you’re not in it alone. Additionally, don’t hesitate to seek advice from those who have already taken the MCAT. They can share study strategies, tips for test day, and suggestions on managing stress and nerves.

Take Care of Your Physical and Mental Health
Studying for the MCAT can be intense, so it’s essential to prioritize your health. Make sure to incorporate these habits into your routine:

  • Sleep Well: Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep to ensure your brain is well-rested and ready for each day of study.
  • Exercise Regularly: Physical activity boosts mood, energy, and focus—qualities that can significantly benefit your study sessions.
  • Practice Stress-Relief Techniques: Techniques like mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, and short meditation sessions can help you manage stress and stay focused.
    Remember that preparing for the MCAT is a marathon, not a sprint. Taking care of your well-being will help you stay resilient throughout the journey.

Plan for Test Day
As test day approaches, familiarize yourself with the testing center’s rules and regulations. Bring required identification, approved snacks, and any necessary items like earplugs. Consider doing a test run to the center a day or two before to ensure you know the route and can reduce test-day anxiety.
On test day, remember to take the scheduled breaks to stay refreshed. Don’t dwell on difficult questions; mark them and move on, coming back if you have time at the end. Staying calm and focused will help you perform at your best.

Conclusion: Your Path to Success
Preparing for the MCAT requires dedication, discipline, and strategy. By creating a structured study plan, utilizing quality resources, and prioritizing your mental and physical health, you can set yourself up for success. The journey may be challenging, but remember that every hour of study brings you closer to your goal. Stay focused, trust the process, and believe in your abilities—you’ve got this!

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a rising junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also a co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medicinal Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

Figure 1: A Unique Clinical Learning Tool for Pre-Med Students

Figure 1 is a unique platform designed to provide healthcare professionals and students with real-world clinical insights through a visual, case-based approach. Often referred to as the “Instagram for healthcare,” Figure 1 allows users to share and discuss medical images and case studies from actual patient cases. The platform is a valuable resource for pre-med students who wish to deepen their understanding of the clinical environment, explore different medical specialties, and familiarize themselves with various diagnoses and treatment options long before they enter medical school.

What Figure 1 Offers to Pre-Med Students

For pre-med students, Figure 1 provides a rare opportunity to engage with complex medical cases in a real-world context. Medical professionals from around the world post images and descriptions of cases, including everything from dermatological conditions and surgical procedures to X-rays and MRIs. Each case is accompanied by descriptions and comments from other professionals who discuss possible diagnoses, treatments, and medical opinions. This platform serves as a virtual shadowing experience, giving students a sense of what it’s like to encounter real medical cases. Rather than learning from textbooks or classrooms alone, pre-med students can gain exposure to actual clinical scenarios, offering a more comprehensive and immersive learning experience. Through Figure 1, students are not only exposed to textbook-perfect cases but also to rare, complex, and ambiguous situations that healthcare professionals encounter, which strengthens critical thinking skills.

Key Benefits for Pre-Med Students

1. Real-Time Case Learning: Unlike traditional study resources, Figure 1 showcases real-time cases, often including the initial symptoms, diagnostic imaging, treatment, and outcomes. Students can observe how cases unfold and how healthcare professionals make decisions at each step.

2. Interactive Quizzes and Diagnostic Challenges: Figure 1 offers diagnostic challenges and interactive quizzes based on real cases. These exercises allow students to test their knowledge, make diagnoses, and compare their reasoning with practicing professionals. Such interactivity helps reinforce learning in an engaging way, making it a practical tool for applying pre-medical knowledge to realistic situations.

3. Early Exposure to Medical Specialties: Figure 1 covers a wide range of specialties, including cardiology, dermatology, radiology, surgery, and emergency medicine. By exploring cases across these fields, pre-med students can start identifying the specialties they may be interested in. This early exposure can help guide their choices during medical school and even influence their career path.

4. Critical Thinking Development: Medical cases on Figure 1 often come with detailed explanations, but some are presented with limited information, prompting users to ask questions, hypothesize diagnoses, and consider possible treatments. For pre-med students, this approach encourages independent thinking and problem-solving, essential skills for any future medical professional.

5. Professional Networking and Collaboration: Figure 1 enables students to learn from experienced doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. The platform’s commenting feature allows users to ask questions, discuss case details, and offer their input. This type of collaborative learning fosters a sense of community among users and offers a chance to connect with professionals from diverse healthcare backgrounds.

6. Insight into Medical Ethics and Patient Care: In addition to clinical knowledge, Figure 1 provides insights into the ethical considerations of patient care. Each case includes information on patient consent, privacy, and the importance of patient-centered care. For pre-med students, understanding these ethical aspects is crucial for developing a compassionate approach to healthcare.

Why Pre-Med Students Should Use Figure 1

Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice

One of the main challenges for pre-med students is translating textbook knowledge into practical, clinical application. While coursework provides foundational knowledge, Figure 1 shows what real cases look like, complete with nuances, complications, and unexpected symptoms. By seeing how professionals handle these complexities, pre-med students can gain a realistic sense of the challenges and rewards of clinical practice.

Supplementing Shadowing and Volunteering Experience

Pre-med students are often advised to shadow physicians or volunteer in clinical settings to gain hands-on experience. However, shadowing opportunities are sometimes limited, particularly during times of high demand or in certain geographical areas. Figure 1 acts as an additional shadowing experience, giving students access to a vast array of cases they might not see otherwise. This added exposure can be invaluable for students looking to build a well-rounded understanding of patient care.

 Enhancing Learning for Standardized Exams

Pre-med students preparing for exams like the MCAT will find Figure 1’s diagnostic challenges beneficial. Although Figure 1 is not a primary study resource, it reinforces many foundational concepts covered in medical admissions exams. The interactive nature of the cases helps students practice applying concepts in anatomy, physiology, and pathology, potentially improving their critical thinking skills for exam situations.

Getting Started with Figure 1

Signing up for Figure 1 is straightforward, and it’s accessible as a free mobile app and a web platform. Pre-med students can create an account by verifying their status as a healthcare student, typically by providing documentation such as a student ID or proof of enrollment. Once registered, students have access to thousands of cases, diagnostic challenges, and professional discussions. Figure 1 also offers premium features, such as in-depth case studies and additional interactive quizzes, which can enhance the learning experience.

Conclusion

For any pre-med student, Figure 1 represents a powerful supplement to traditional learning methods. By providing access to real-world cases and fostering engagement with a global network of healthcare professionals, Figure 1 allows students to start thinking like doctors and develop the clinical intuition needed for medical school and beyond. In an era where digital resources are increasingly integrated into education, Figure 1 stands out as a valuable, interactive, and visually engaging tool for any pre-med student looking to enrich their preparation for a career in medicine.

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a rising junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also a co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medicinal Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

Tips and Tricks for Medical School Success: Insights from a Current Medical Student

MCAT Preparation and Resources

The medical student emphasized the importance of achieving a strong MCAT score, suggesting a target of above 510. They recommended transferring effective study methods from current coursework to MCAT prep, particularly using Quizlet for the psychology and biology sections. Additionally, they suggested resources like Kaplan (with a 50% discount available for AMSA board members at Lawrence) and Bozeman Science on YouTube as valuable for structured learning and review.

Application Process and Essay Writing Tips

Having applied during the challenging COVID-19 period, the student stressed the value of planning ahead. They advised starting the essay process early, especially personal statements, as these are central to the application. They shared a practical approach to essay writing: drafting responses, using AI tools like ChatGPT to re-tailor essays for different prompts, and seeking feedback from professors or health advisors. They also highlighted the benefit of reusing responses across applications where possible to save time and effort.

Experiential Learning and Internships

Regarding practical experience, the student advised doing internships at medical schools of interest, ideally during the summer, as a way to explore the campus environment and get a feel for the institution. They recommended shadowing opportunities to gain exposure to different specialties and suggested working as a technician, noting that fellowships can be challenging to obtain.

Career Interests and Extracurricular Involvement

As an entrepreneur, the student also discussed their startup experience and encouraged me to explore entrepreneurial opportunities related to the Synthetic Biology Club and potential collaborations with industry partners. They expressed interest in staying connected to discuss synthetic biology ideas or iGEM competition plans in the future.

Institutions and Potential Networks

The student mentioned the University of Wisconsin-Madison as a solid institution worth exploring for additional networking or research opportunities.

Reflection

My informational interview with the medical student at the Medical College of Wisconsin was both enlightening and inspiring. As someone on the pre-med track with dreams of entering the medical field, I found his insights into the medical school application process, MCAT preparation, and experiential learning to be incredibly valuable. His journey and recommendations offered me a clear and practical roadmap for navigating the next steps toward my goals.

Reflecting on our conversation, the emphasis he placed on early MCAT preparation and strategic study habits really resonated. It was reassuring to hear that the study methods I already use—like Quizlet—could translate effectively to MCAT prep, especially for the psychology and biology sections. In addition, the resources he recommended, such as Kaplan and Bozeman Science on YouTube, have given me new platforms to explore that could enhance my understanding and retention. His suggestion to leverage my AMSA board position to access a discounted Kaplan course reminded me of the importance of using available resources to reduce the financial burden that can come with preparing for the MCAT.

Another standout moment from our conversation was his advice on the application essays, especially the personal statement. He emphasized the value of starting early, which aligns with my approach to academic and career goals so far. The idea of using AI tools like ChatGPT for initial drafts, and then refining them with feedback from professors or advisors, was particularly helpful. It combines efficiency with thoroughness and allows for a personalized touch that admissions committees value. This approach not only makes the process less daunting but also ensures that my essays will be cohesive and adaptable across applications.

Our discussion on gaining relevant experiences, particularly through internships, was a valuable addition to my understanding of the pre-med journey. He advised pursuing internships at schools I’m interested in, an idea I hadn’t previously considered but now see as essential. Such experiences would allow me to explore the academic environment and potentially connect with future mentors, aligning well with my goals of gaining hands-on experience before medical school. Given the difficulty in obtaining fellowships, he recommended technician roles as a viable alternative. This advice felt practical and aligned with my goals of gaining meaningful, clinical experience. It’s encouraging to know that technician roles are well-regarded by medical schools and provide significant insight into medical practice.

The student’s entrepreneurial background added an interesting dimension to our conversation. As someone involved in the Synthetic Biology Club and planning for the iGEM competition, I appreciated his advice on exploring partnerships with companies interested in collaborating on our projects. This entrepreneurial perspective highlighted the flexibility that can exist within a traditional medical path and reminded me that building connections beyond the medical field can be beneficial. Whether through synthetic biology or future collaborative research, I’m inspired to explore creative ways to fund and expand our club’s projects, and I’m grateful for his offer to discuss ideas for iGEM.

Finally, his mention of UW-Madison opened my eyes to potential regional networks that I hadn’t fully considered. With UW-Madison’s strong reputation, it’s worth exploring further for both networking and potential internship or research opportunities. I plan to follow up on this advice by connecting with faculty or alumni involved in research at UW-Madison or attending related seminars, as these experiences could provide valuable exposure and build connections within the medical community.

In sum, this conversation left me feeling both reassured and inspired to take actionable steps toward my goals. His journey underscored the importance of resilience and adaptability in pursuing a medical career, and his practical insights have empowered me with a more strategic approach to my preparation. From early MCAT prep and structured study plans to strategic essay writing and exploring diverse experiences, I now have a roadmap that feels realistic and aligned with my strengths and interests. This interview not only provided me with concrete advice but also deepened my commitment to approaching each step with intention and curiosity as I continue on the path to medical school.

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also a co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medicinal Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

Informational Interview: Physician/Surgeon M.D.

Transcript Summary

Introduction and Background:

The conversation began with the interviewer (student) sharing their background as an international student from Ghana and a junior studying neuroscience at Lawrence University. The physician (interviewee) reflected on Lawrence University, praising the small, tight-knit academic environment that fosters intelligent and driven graduates, noting that it remains somewhat underrecognized.

Journey to Medicine and Surgery:

The physician shared his inspiration for entering medicine, rooted in a strong scientific background and maternal encouragement to pursue a meaningful career. After attending Lawrence, he completed majors in chemistry and biology, which helped prepare him for medical school. He later attended Washington University in St. Louis, where his hands-on, action-oriented personality led him to surgery. His choice of head and neck surgery stemmed from its wide range of possible specialties, from routine ENT work to advanced head and neck surgery, and the opportunity to combine multiple interests within a single field.

Academic and Professional Milestones:

He outlined his academic trajectory, from internships to advanced training at the NIH and UCLA, and discussed his work in private practice while balancing a teaching role and research. The physician also shared his involvement with the American Medical Association and the Computer Coding Committee in Washington, where he advocated for fair physician compensation.

Advice on Pursuing a Medical Career:

Recognizing the user’s interest in neurosurgery, the physician encouraged them to embrace research opportunities and aim for an MD/PhD path if possible. He underscored the significance of networking with top mentors who could support their application through recommendation letters and suggested considering Lawrence alumni connections for unique research or lab experiences outside the university.

Reflection and Tips

My informational interview with a physician-surgeon provided me with invaluable insights and reflections on my current path. As an international student from Ghana studying neuroscience, I have sought guidance from experienced professionals to better understand the rigorous journey to medical school and, ultimately, a career in surgery. This conversation clarified the many stages of preparation, from the academic to the personal, and underscored how experiences at Lawrence University might shape my goals.

Reflecting on the physician’s story, I felt both inspired and affirmed in my choice of studies and ambitions. He shared that his own journey began with the influential role his mother played in pushing him to consider a meaningful career—something I resonate with deeply. Having left home to pursue education abroad, I relate to his motivation and desire to make the most of available resources to succeed in a competitive field. The physician’s choice of surgery was particularly impactful, as it was shaped by a natural fit with his personality and his preference for hands-on, action-oriented work over a more traditional clinical setting. This aligns with my own interest in surgery, particularly neurosurgery, where I can imagine balancing my analytical skills with direct patient interventions in the operating room.

One of the most valuable takeaways was his emphasis on the importance of early preparation. He validated my decision to start exploring career paths as a junior, stressing how many students overlook this until later in their studies. His story of combining practical experience with a clear academic vision highlighted how deliberate planning and proactive engagement can make a significant difference when applying to medical programs.

His advice to seek research roles also resonated with my experiences. He detailed the importance of mentorship and networking, mentioning that a strong recommendation from a well-established professional could profoundly impact my application. Reflecting on my past summer research experiences, I feel a renewed drive to deepen connections with my mentors and seek further laboratory work, knowing that each of these interactions could form the foundation for future opportunities. The physician’s personal experience at Lawrence, where he ran his own lab with a government grant, highlighted the potential to gain unique experiences in less typical, resource-limited settings, an idea I find incredibly motivating.

An interesting and practical suggestion was to consider MD/PhD programs, given my research background and interest in neuroscience. The physician presented the MD/PhD path as a flexible option for those like myself who are drawn to both clinical and research aspects of medicine. His suggestion that Washington University, his alma mater, offers a strong MD/PhD program added a practical recommendation to my list of potential schools.

The conversation also gave me insight into potential challenges. The physician’s reflection on the systemic challenges in medicine today, from billing issues to reimbursement complications, was a sobering reminder that the field comes with its share of bureaucratic hurdles. He shared the importance of resilience in the face of these challenges, advising that finding a strong, supportive network of mentors and colleagues is vital to long-term satisfaction in the profession.

Ultimately, this interview left me feeling both excited and equipped to pursue the next steps toward a medical career. From researching lab positions outside of Lawrence to building relationships with mentors and considering an MD/PhD, I am motivated to refine my path further. The physician’s story exemplifies the value of strategic planning, resilience, and adaptability, qualities I am eager to embody as I move forward in my journey to medical school and beyond.

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also a co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medicinal Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

Pursuing a Career in Music Therapy

Hey there, future Music Therapists! Are you one of those people who believes in the healing power of music? Maybe you’ve experienced it yourself—how a certain song can lift your spirits, calm your nerves, or bring back cherished memories. Well, guess what? You can turn that passion into a rewarding career. Here’s a down-to-earth guide on how to become a music therapist and what to study in college to get there.

What is Music Therapy?

Music therapy is an established health profession in which music is used to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals. Certified music therapists use the power of music to help clients improve their health and well-being. Music therapists design music sessions for individuals and groups based on client needs using music improvisation, receptive music listening, song writing, lyric discussion, music and imagery, music performance, and learning through music; participate in interdisciplinary treatment planning, ongoing evaluation, and follow up.

Why Choose Music Therapy?

Music therapy can be incredibly rewarding. You’ll have the chance to make a significant difference in people’s lives, helping them heal and grow through the universal language of music. Whether working with children with special needs, adults recovering from trauma, or seniors with Alzheimer’s, your work will have a profound impact.

So, if you’re passionate about music and want to help others, consider a career in music therapy. It’s a beautiful blend of art and science, offering both emotional fulfillment and professional satisfaction.

Things to Consider When Becoming a Music Therapist

Common College Majors:

While there is no one-size-fits-all path, here are some common and helpful majors:

  • Psychology: Understanding the human mind is crucial. Pair this with music courses.
  • Music Performance/Education: Focus on honing your musical skills while taking electives in psychology and health sciences.
  • Neuroscience or Biology: These majors provide a strong understanding of the biological aspects of therapy.

Complete an Internship:

  • As part of your degree, you’ll need to complete an internship under the supervision of a board-certified music therapist. This hands-on experience is invaluable.

Consider Advanced Education:

Some music therapists go on to pursue a master’s or even a doctoral degree to specialize further and open up more career opportunities. Here are some graduate school programs you can consider:

  • Master of Arts in Music Therapy and Counseling: Programs like the one at Drexel University integrate advanced music therapy coursework with general counseling courses and hands-on clinical experience. This prepares graduates for various career paths in music therapy and counseling
  • Master of Education in Special Education with a focus on Music Therapy: Some universities offer specialized education degrees that include coursework in music therapy, such as Arizona State University and Grand Canyon University.
  • Master of Science in Music Therapy: Programs like the one at Sam Houston State University offer a master’s degree in music therapy for students with and without a bachelor’s degree in music therapy. These programs often include practicum or clinical supervision requirements.
  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Music Therapy: For those interested in advanced study and research, programs like the one at the Herron School of Art + Design offer a Ph.D. in music therapy, which can be completed online or on-campus.
  • Online Master’s Programs: Many universities now offer online master’s programs in music therapy, which can be a flexible option for students who need to balance work or other commitments.
  • When choosing a graduate program, make sure it is approved by the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) to ensure it meets the necessary standards for certification and licensure.

Get Certified:

  • In the United States, you’ll need to pass the certification exam offered by the Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT) to become a board-certified music therapist (MT-BC).

Online Sources:

  1. American Music Therapy Association
  2. Certification Board for Music Therapists
  3. National Institutes of Health on Music Therapy