Dennis Boakye

Author: Dennis Boakye

Tips and Tricks for Medical School Success: Insights from a Current Medical Student

MCAT Preparation and Resources

The medical student emphasized the importance of achieving a strong MCAT score, suggesting a target of above 510. They recommended transferring effective study methods from current coursework to MCAT prep, particularly using Quizlet for the psychology and biology sections. Additionally, they suggested resources like Kaplan (with a 50% discount available for AMSA board members at Lawrence) and Bozeman Science on YouTube as valuable for structured learning and review.

Application Process and Essay Writing Tips

Having applied during the challenging COVID-19 period, the student stressed the value of planning ahead. They advised starting the essay process early, especially personal statements, as these are central to the application. They shared a practical approach to essay writing: drafting responses, using AI tools like ChatGPT to re-tailor essays for different prompts, and seeking feedback from professors or health advisors. They also highlighted the benefit of reusing responses across applications where possible to save time and effort.

Experiential Learning and Internships

Regarding practical experience, the student advised doing internships at medical schools of interest, ideally during the summer, as a way to explore the campus environment and get a feel for the institution. They recommended shadowing opportunities to gain exposure to different specialties and suggested working as a technician, noting that fellowships can be challenging to obtain.

Career Interests and Extracurricular Involvement

As an entrepreneur, the student also discussed their startup experience and encouraged me to explore entrepreneurial opportunities related to the Synthetic Biology Club and potential collaborations with industry partners. They expressed interest in staying connected to discuss synthetic biology ideas or iGEM competition plans in the future.

Institutions and Potential Networks

The student mentioned the University of Wisconsin-Madison as a solid institution worth exploring for additional networking or research opportunities.

Reflection

My informational interview with the medical student at the Medical College of Wisconsin was both enlightening and inspiring. As someone on the pre-med track with dreams of entering the medical field, I found his insights into the medical school application process, MCAT preparation, and experiential learning to be incredibly valuable. His journey and recommendations offered me a clear and practical roadmap for navigating the next steps toward my goals.

Reflecting on our conversation, the emphasis he placed on early MCAT preparation and strategic study habits really resonated. It was reassuring to hear that the study methods I already use—like Quizlet—could translate effectively to MCAT prep, especially for the psychology and biology sections. In addition, the resources he recommended, such as Kaplan and Bozeman Science on YouTube, have given me new platforms to explore that could enhance my understanding and retention. His suggestion to leverage my AMSA board position to access a discounted Kaplan course reminded me of the importance of using available resources to reduce the financial burden that can come with preparing for the MCAT.

Another standout moment from our conversation was his advice on the application essays, especially the personal statement. He emphasized the value of starting early, which aligns with my approach to academic and career goals so far. The idea of using AI tools like ChatGPT for initial drafts, and then refining them with feedback from professors or advisors, was particularly helpful. It combines efficiency with thoroughness and allows for a personalized touch that admissions committees value. This approach not only makes the process less daunting but also ensures that my essays will be cohesive and adaptable across applications.

Our discussion on gaining relevant experiences, particularly through internships, was a valuable addition to my understanding of the pre-med journey. He advised pursuing internships at schools I’m interested in, an idea I hadn’t previously considered but now see as essential. Such experiences would allow me to explore the academic environment and potentially connect with future mentors, aligning well with my goals of gaining hands-on experience before medical school. Given the difficulty in obtaining fellowships, he recommended technician roles as a viable alternative. This advice felt practical and aligned with my goals of gaining meaningful, clinical experience. It’s encouraging to know that technician roles are well-regarded by medical schools and provide significant insight into medical practice.

The student’s entrepreneurial background added an interesting dimension to our conversation. As someone involved in the Synthetic Biology Club and planning for the iGEM competition, I appreciated his advice on exploring partnerships with companies interested in collaborating on our projects. This entrepreneurial perspective highlighted the flexibility that can exist within a traditional medical path and reminded me that building connections beyond the medical field can be beneficial. Whether through synthetic biology or future collaborative research, I’m inspired to explore creative ways to fund and expand our club’s projects, and I’m grateful for his offer to discuss ideas for iGEM.

Finally, his mention of UW-Madison opened my eyes to potential regional networks that I hadn’t fully considered. With UW-Madison’s strong reputation, it’s worth exploring further for both networking and potential internship or research opportunities. I plan to follow up on this advice by connecting with faculty or alumni involved in research at UW-Madison or attending related seminars, as these experiences could provide valuable exposure and build connections within the medical community.

In sum, this conversation left me feeling both reassured and inspired to take actionable steps toward my goals. His journey underscored the importance of resilience and adaptability in pursuing a medical career, and his practical insights have empowered me with a more strategic approach to my preparation. From early MCAT prep and structured study plans to strategic essay writing and exploring diverse experiences, I now have a roadmap that feels realistic and aligned with my strengths and interests. This interview not only provided me with concrete advice but also deepened my commitment to approaching each step with intention and curiosity as I continue on the path to medical school.

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also a co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medicinal Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

Informational Interview: Physician/Surgeon M.D.

Transcript Summary

Introduction and Background:

The conversation began with the interviewer (student) sharing their background as an international student from Ghana and a junior studying neuroscience at Lawrence University. The physician (interviewee) reflected on Lawrence University, praising the small, tight-knit academic environment that fosters intelligent and driven graduates, noting that it remains somewhat underrecognized.

Journey to Medicine and Surgery:

The physician shared his inspiration for entering medicine, rooted in a strong scientific background and maternal encouragement to pursue a meaningful career. After attending Lawrence, he completed majors in chemistry and biology, which helped prepare him for medical school. He later attended Washington University in St. Louis, where his hands-on, action-oriented personality led him to surgery. His choice of head and neck surgery stemmed from its wide range of possible specialties, from routine ENT work to advanced head and neck surgery, and the opportunity to combine multiple interests within a single field.

Academic and Professional Milestones:

He outlined his academic trajectory, from internships to advanced training at the NIH and UCLA, and discussed his work in private practice while balancing a teaching role and research. The physician also shared his involvement with the American Medical Association and the Computer Coding Committee in Washington, where he advocated for fair physician compensation.

Advice on Pursuing a Medical Career:

Recognizing the user’s interest in neurosurgery, the physician encouraged them to embrace research opportunities and aim for an MD/PhD path if possible. He underscored the significance of networking with top mentors who could support their application through recommendation letters and suggested considering Lawrence alumni connections for unique research or lab experiences outside the university.

Reflection and Tips

My informational interview with a physician-surgeon provided me with invaluable insights and reflections on my current path. As an international student from Ghana studying neuroscience, I have sought guidance from experienced professionals to better understand the rigorous journey to medical school and, ultimately, a career in surgery. This conversation clarified the many stages of preparation, from the academic to the personal, and underscored how experiences at Lawrence University might shape my goals.

Reflecting on the physician’s story, I felt both inspired and affirmed in my choice of studies and ambitions. He shared that his own journey began with the influential role his mother played in pushing him to consider a meaningful career—something I resonate with deeply. Having left home to pursue education abroad, I relate to his motivation and desire to make the most of available resources to succeed in a competitive field. The physician’s choice of surgery was particularly impactful, as it was shaped by a natural fit with his personality and his preference for hands-on, action-oriented work over a more traditional clinical setting. This aligns with my own interest in surgery, particularly neurosurgery, where I can imagine balancing my analytical skills with direct patient interventions in the operating room.

One of the most valuable takeaways was his emphasis on the importance of early preparation. He validated my decision to start exploring career paths as a junior, stressing how many students overlook this until later in their studies. His story of combining practical experience with a clear academic vision highlighted how deliberate planning and proactive engagement can make a significant difference when applying to medical programs.

His advice to seek research roles also resonated with my experiences. He detailed the importance of mentorship and networking, mentioning that a strong recommendation from a well-established professional could profoundly impact my application. Reflecting on my past summer research experiences, I feel a renewed drive to deepen connections with my mentors and seek further laboratory work, knowing that each of these interactions could form the foundation for future opportunities. The physician’s personal experience at Lawrence, where he ran his own lab with a government grant, highlighted the potential to gain unique experiences in less typical, resource-limited settings, an idea I find incredibly motivating.

An interesting and practical suggestion was to consider MD/PhD programs, given my research background and interest in neuroscience. The physician presented the MD/PhD path as a flexible option for those like myself who are drawn to both clinical and research aspects of medicine. His suggestion that Washington University, his alma mater, offers a strong MD/PhD program added a practical recommendation to my list of potential schools.

The conversation also gave me insight into potential challenges. The physician’s reflection on the systemic challenges in medicine today, from billing issues to reimbursement complications, was a sobering reminder that the field comes with its share of bureaucratic hurdles. He shared the importance of resilience in the face of these challenges, advising that finding a strong, supportive network of mentors and colleagues is vital to long-term satisfaction in the profession.

Ultimately, this interview left me feeling both excited and equipped to pursue the next steps toward a medical career. From researching lab positions outside of Lawrence to building relationships with mentors and considering an MD/PhD, I am motivated to refine my path further. The physician’s story exemplifies the value of strategic planning, resilience, and adaptability, qualities I am eager to embody as I move forward in my journey to medical school and beyond.

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also a co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medicinal Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

Shadowing and Its Experience: A Window into the World of Medicine

For individuals aspiring to pursue a career in the healthcare sector, particularly in the field of medicine, the practice of shadowing offers a unique and invaluable experiential learning opportunity. It enables them to immerse themselves in the daily routines of healthcare professionals and gain first-hand insights into the potential trajectory of their future careers. Whether situated within a bustling hospital, a serene clinic, or a specialized practice, shadowing affords participants a glimpse into the practical realities of patient care, decision-making processes, and the dynamic nature of the medical profession.

Shadowing, as an observational experience, entails students shadowing a healthcare professional, such as a physician, nurse, or surgeon, in order to observe their daily responsibilities. Throughout this period, students have the opportunity to witness patient interactions, observe medical procedures, and gain insight into the collaborative decision-making processes of healthcare teams. It is important to note that shadowing is distinct from an internship, as its primary focus is on observational learning rather than direct patient care.

The significance of shadowing extends beyond mere resume-building for those pursuing careers in healthcare. It serves as a means to acquire a more profound comprehension of the profession they are endeavoring to enter. Several reasons underscore the importance of shadowing, including its provision of real-world insights into clinical practice that surpass the limitations of traditional didactic instruction. Furthermore, it facilitates the confirmation of career inclinations and allows individuals to explore diverse healthcare specialties. Additionally, shadowing contributes to the cultivation of professionalism and the refinement of communication skills, both of which are indispensable attributes in the healthcare domain.

Shadowing offers benefits beyond merely enhancing a medical school application. It facilitates the development of effective communication skills, provides insights into the operational dynamics of healthcare systems, and presents networking opportunities with seasoned professionals. These connections may lead to mentorship opportunities and the acquisition of letters of recommendation for medical school applications.

Expectations During Shadowing

During a shadowing experience, students can anticipate a predominantly observational role. Depending on the healthcare setting, this may involve observing patient consultations, surgeries or medical procedures, and healthcare team discussions. While students will not actively participate in patient care, they will have a valuable opportunity to observe the medical process. It is imperative for students to maintain professionalism, respect, and attentiveness during their shadowing experience. Thoughtful questioning, when appropriate, can deepen understanding; however, students should be mindful of patient confidentiality and the physician’s time.

Optimizing the Shadowing Experience

To maximize the benefits of shadowing, preparation and reflection are essential. Here are some recommendations for students embarking on their shadowing journey:

Prepare Questions: Before the shadowing experience, students should research the physician’s specialty and formulate questions related to the daily routine, challenges of the field, or advice for medical school. Prepared questions demonstrate initiative and interest.

Be Observant: During shadowing, students should keenly observe both the medical aspects of care and the soft skills involved in patient interactions. Understanding how doctors manage patient emotions, stress, and complex family dynamics is equally important as understanding the medical aspects.

Reflect Afterwards: Following each shadowing experience, it is beneficial for students to take time to reflect on their learning. What aspects stood out to them? How did they perceive the doctor-patient interactions? What insights did they gain about the realities of working in healthcare? Reflection on these experiences will facilitate deeper insights and better preparation for future careers.

Personal Shadowing Experience

Shadowing has been one of the most enlightening and formative experiences in my journey towards a medical career. The opportunity to shadow hospice physicians and resident medical students at Thedacare and Mosaic Family Health allowed me to witness the intricacies of patient care and the significance of teamwork in healthcare. Each day presented new challenges and learning opportunities—from observing how a physician navigates high-pressure situations to witnessing profound moments of connection between doctor and patient. These experiences solidified my passion for medicine and provided a clear understanding of the path ahead.

Shadowing transcends being a mere requirement for medical school; it is a transformative experience that enables future healthcare professionals to gain critical insights into the realm they aspire to enter. It offers a chance to observe, learn, and grow, providing students with a profound understanding of the realities of medicine and preparing them for the journey ahead. Whether one is commencing their pre-med journey or is deeply engrossed in their studies, shadowing offers invaluable lessons, guidance, and inspiration for the road ahead.

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also a co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medicinal Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

The Impact of Recycling on Environmental Sustainability

In the current era, the significance of environmental sustainability cannot be overstated. Recycling emerges as a fundamental tool that individuals can contribute to, despite its seemingly modest nature. The profound positive impact of recycling on our planet extends beyond its apparent simplicity, benefitting the environment, wildlife, and human health. This article aims to elucidate the multifaceted ways in which recycling contributes to the preservation of our world on a daily basis.

1. Waste Reduction in Landfills

A primary advantage of recycling is the mitigation of waste sent to landfills. Not only do landfills occupy substantial space, but they also emit harmful gases, such as methane, which is a potent greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. By recycling materials such as paper, plastic, glass, and metal, waste diversion from landfills reduces their size and the detrimental emissions they produce.

2. Conservation of Natural Resources

The extraction and processing of raw materials are resource-intensive and often detrimental to the environment. For instance, mining for metals and deforestation for paper production result in habitat destruction, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. Recycling aids in conserving natural resources by reusing previously extracted materials, thereby reducing the need for further extraction and its associated environmental impact.

3. Energy Conservation

The manufacturing of products from raw materials typically demands more energy compared to utilizing recycled materials. For example, producing aluminum from recycled cans saves up to 95% of the energy required for creating it from new bauxite ore. Similarly, recycling paper utilizes approximately 60% less energy than manufacturing paper from virgin wood fibers. By diminishing the energy demand for manufacturing, recycling plays a pivotal role in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change.

4. Pollution Prevention

Recycling serves to prevent both air and water pollution. Reusing materials minimizes industrial processes that release pollutants. For instance, recycling plastic diminishes the necessity for oil-based production, thereby reducing harmful emissions released into the atmosphere. Furthermore, less water is utilized and contaminated during recycling processes, thus safeguarding clean water sources and protecting aquatic ecosystems from industrial runoff.

5. Support for Wildlife and Ecosystems

Recycling safeguards natural habitats and wildlife by diminishing the necessity for raw material extraction, which often proves detrimental to ecosystems. Deforestation, mining, and oil drilling can lead to habitat destruction, leaving wildlife with diminished living and breeding spaces. Through recycling, the pressure on these ecosystems is reduced, allowing wildlife populations to thrive in their natural environments.

6. Job Creation and Economic Advancement

Beyond its environmental benefits, recycling contributes to the economy by supporting jobs in the recycling and manufacturing industries. In fact, the recycling sector generates more employment opportunities than landfilling or waste incineration. From collection to processing and manufacturing, the recycling industry fosters employment and drives innovation in sustainable practices, thereby enhancing local economies and nurturing a culture of sustainability.

7. Minimizing the Need for Incineration

Waste incineration, although diminishing the waste volume, emits hazardous pollutants such as dioxins, heavy metals, and particulate matter into the atmosphere, posing threats to both the environment and human health. By augmenting the practice of recycling, we can diminish the necessity for incineration, thus leading to a cleaner atmosphere and improved public health.

8. Cultivating a Culture of Sustainability

One of the paramount long-term impacts of recycling is its role in fostering a culture of environmental stewardship. Prioritizing recycling at the individual, communal, and corporate levels establishes a model for embracing other sustainable practices. Recycling serves as a reminder of the interdependence between our actions and the well-being of the planet, thereby promoting broader environmental initiatives, such as the reduction of single-use plastics, water conservation, and the adoption of renewable energy sources.

9. Mitigating Climate Change

Climate change stands as one of the most urgent challenges of our era, and recycling assumes a pivotal role in alleviating its repercussions. As previously noted, recycling diminishes the energy required for manufacturing goods, consequently reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By averting the release of methane from landfills and diminishing the demand for energy-intensive production, recycling contributes to mitigating global warming and lessening the carbon footprint of both individuals and industries.

Conclusion: Small Actions, Big Impact

Although recycling may appear as a minor deed, its ramifications on the environment are extensive. Each instance of choosing to recycle contributes to waste reduction, preservation of natural resources, energy conservation, and wildlife protection. It stands as a simple yet potent approach through which we can contribute to the preservation of the planet, one item at a time. As we persist in prioritizing recycling in our daily routines, we inch closer to a more sustainable, pristine, and healthier planet for future generations.

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also the co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medical Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

Major Careers in Engineering: Shaping the Future Through Innovation 

Engineering is a diverse field that offers numerous opportunities for innovation and addressing some of the world’s most pressing challenges. For students in the physical and natural sciences career community, there are various exciting paths to explore. Below, we delineate 20 major careers in engineering, each presenting distinctive ways to contribute to society and shape the future. 

Civil Engineering

Civil engineers are tasked with designing and constructing essential infrastructure for modern society, encompassing roads, bridges, water supply systems, and buildings. They ensure that these structures are safe, functional, and environmentally sustainable. Given the escalating urbanization and climate challenges, civil engineers focus on sustainable practices, integrating green technologies into their designs to minimize environmental impact and enhance community resilience. 

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineers apply principles of physics and materials science to design and analyze mechanical systems, ranging from small components, like sensors, to large systems, such as engines and HVAC systems. They are involved in diverse industries, including automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing. Mechanical engineers play a crucial role in optimizing designs for efficiency and functionality, contributing to the development of innovative technologies that drive economic growth. 

Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineers specialize in systems involving electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. They design and develop electrical equipment, including circuits, motors, and power systems. This field is at the forefront of innovations in consumer electronics, telecommunications, and renewable energy. With the increasing emphasis on sustainability, electrical engineers are pivotal in advancing energy-efficient technologies and integrating renewable sources into existing power grids. 

Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineers utilize their comprehensive knowledge of chemistry, physics, and biology to devise processes that transform raw materials into valuable products. They are employed across various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and energy. Their expertise is crucial in crafting processes that are not only efficient but also sustainable, thereby minimizing waste and environmental impact. As the global landscape moves towards more eco-friendly practices, chemical engineers are pioneering the development of safer, more sustainable materials and production methods. 

Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical engineers amalgamate engineering principles with medical sciences to enhance healthcare outcomes. They are responsible for designing medical devices, developing diagnostic equipment, and creating biomaterials for implants and prosthetics. This interdisciplinary field necessitates an understanding of both engineering and biology, enabling professionals to innovate solutions that elevate patient care. Biomedical engineers are also deeply involved in cutting-edge research, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery systems, thereby making substantial contributions to the advancement of medical technology. 

Computer Engineering

Computer engineers are primarily focused on the integration of hardware and software systems. They are engaged in the design and development of computer systems, embedded systems, and networks, operating at the confluence of electrical engineering and computer science. With the rapid advancement of technology, computer engineers play a critical role in fields such as cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Their work propels innovation across various domains, ranging from consumer electronics to large-scale computing infrastructure, exerting a profound impact on daily life and business operations. 

Environmental Engineering

Environmental engineers are tasked with addressing intricate challenges associated with air and water quality, waste management, and sustainability. They are responsible for devising technologies and processes aimed at preventing pollution and mitigating environmental impacts. Their scope of work often encompasses conducting environmental assessments, designing treatment facilities, and implementing sustainable practices within industrial settings. As the global emphasis on climate change and resource conservation intensifies, environmental engineers play a pivotal role in advocating sustainable development and safeguarding public health. 

Aerospace Engineering

Aerospace engineers are engaged in the design and development of aircraft, spacecraft, and associated systems and equipment. Their focus spans various facets of aerospace technology, including aerodynamics, propulsion, and materials. This field necessitates a robust grounding in physics and mathematics, as engineers must ensure that their designs can endure extreme conditions during flight. With the burgeoning interest in commercial space travel and satellite technology, aerospace engineers are at the vanguard of innovation, shaping the future of aviation and space exploration. 

Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineers concentrate on optimizing intricate systems and processes to enhance efficiency, quality, and productivity. They undertake the analysis of workflows, develop production schedules, and implement systems that augment operational performance. Their expertise is invaluable in the manufacturing, logistics, and service industries, where they endeavor to curtail wastage and enhance resource utilization. By applying principles of systems engineering and management, industrial engineers contribute to fostering more efficient and sustainable business practices. 

Software Engineering

Software engineers are responsible for the development, maintenance, and testing of software applications across diverse platforms and industries. They collaborate in teams to create a spectrum of solutions ranging from mobile apps to enterprise-level software. Given the escalating demand for technology across all sectors, software engineers play a pivotal role in steering digital transformation and enriching user experiences. They leverage programming languages, software development methodologies, and tools to craft innovative solutions that align with user needs and business objectives. 

Structural Engineering

Structural engineers specialize in designing structures capable of withstanding environmental forces and human usage. They work closely with architects to ensure that buildings and bridges are not only aesthetically pleasing but also structurally robust. Structural engineers conduct rigorous analyses to ascertain the strength and stability of materials, often utilizing advanced software for simulations. Their expertise is imperative in ensuring public safety and advancing sustainable construction practices. 

Nuclear Engineering

Nuclear engineers are engaged with nuclear energy and radiation, with a specific focus on power generation and safety protocols. They are responsible for designing nuclear reactors, radiation shielding, and systems for nuclear waste management. As the demand for clean energy sources burgeons, nuclear engineers are increasingly involved in developing safer and more efficient nuclear technologies. They also play a crucial role in research and development, ensuring that nuclear energy is harnessed responsibly and sustainably. 

Robotics Engineering 

Robotics engineering involves the design, construction, and programming of robots for diverse applications, including manufacturing, healthcare, and space exploration. This multidisciplinary field integrates mechanical, electrical, and software engineering to create intelligent systems capable of autonomous operation or collaboration with humans. The rapid advancement in this field, driven by the integration of AI and machine learning, has led to significant innovations in automation and smart technologies. As key contributors, robotics engineers are at the forefront of revolutionizing industries and enhancing productivity. 

Petroleum Engineering 

Petroleum engineering focuses on the exploration, extraction, and production of oil and gas resources. Petroleum engineers are responsible for designing drilling methods, evaluating production performance, and developing techniques to improve oil recovery. With the energy sector under pressure to transition to cleaner sources, petroleum engineers are also involved in research aimed at reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuels and exploring alternative energy solutions. 

Mining Engineering 

Mining engineers are tasked with the planning, design, and operation of mines, ensuring the safe and efficient extraction of minerals while minimizing environmental impacts. Their responsibilities encompass the development of methods for waste management, land reclamation, and resource recovery. Given the increasing demand for minerals, mining engineers play a pivotal role in ensuring sustainable and responsible extraction processes. 

Geotechnical Engineering 

Geotechnical engineers analyze soil and rock properties to assess their behavior under various conditions. They design foundations, retaining structures, and earthworks to ensure stability and safety, particularly in construction projects where they must mitigate risks associated with factors such as groundwater and seismic activity. Geotechnical engineers are also involved in environmental assessments and remediation projects, contributing to sustainable land use practices. 

Agricultural Engineering 

Agricultural engineers specialize in the design and enhancement of farming equipment and processes to increase productivity and sustainability. Their work encompasses irrigation systems, soil management, and automated machinery to optimize crop production and address food security challenges while promoting environmentally friendly practices. Agricultural engineers are instrumental in developing technologies that support sustainable farming and resource conservation. 

Marine Engineering 

Marine engineers are responsible for the design and maintenance of ships, submarines, and offshore platforms. They focus on propulsion systems, power generation, and safety equipment to ensure efficient and safe vessel operation in challenging marine environments. With the evolution of the shipping and offshore industries, marine engineers are increasingly dedicated to sustainable practices, including the development of eco-friendly technologies and emission reduction. 

Materials Engineering

Materials engineers are responsible for developing novel materials with specific properties to meet the requirements of various industries. They conduct in-depth studies on the structure and behavior of a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Their groundbreaking innovations drive progress across diverse sectors such as aerospace, electronics, and biomedical applications. As technology continues to advance, materials engineers play a pivotal role in the creation of lightweight, durable, and sustainable materials that significantly enhance product performance. 

Automotive Engineering

Automotive engineers are tasked with the design and development of vehicles, encompassing traditional combustion engines as well as electric and autonomous vehicles. Their focus lies in enhancing performance, safety, and fuel efficiency through the integration of cutting-edge technologies. In light of the automotive industry’s substantial shift towards electrification and automation, automotive engineers are instrumental in shaping the future of transportation and addressing pertinent environmental concerns. 

Conclusion 

Engineering presents a realm of boundless opportunities. Whether one’s interests lie in designing the cities of the future, pioneering new technologies, or confronting environmental challenges, there exists an engineering career path aligned with these passions. The 20 highlighted career paths underscore the diversity within the field, catering to every aspiring student with a keen interest in the physical and natural sciences. 

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also the co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medical Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

THE HOPES AND JOYS OF HOSPICE: CHAPTER 2 – THE VOLUNTEERING PROCESS

Congratulations, you are now a hospice volunteer or thinking about volunteering at a hospice center in a hospital or clinic. Here comes the ‘now what?’ questions. What do you do and do not do on your shift? What do you say and not say? Where do you go and not go? And how do you do it? Most of these questions and more might/will have already been answered in the training sessions. But the most important questions would be ‘Why?’ and again ‘How’. Why is it important to volunteer at a hospice center and how do you even volunteer?

Let us begin by starting to think about delivery as a volunteer. Note that a hospice volunteer is a person who will not only keep the company of patients but also ensure and support the nurses and workers in the vicinity. The truth is that most hospice volunteers do not have a planned duty like other volunteering opportunities have set out. This does not mean that there are no tasks for volunteers in hospice centers. Hospice facilities need volunteers around not just because of the experiences volunteers will gain, which includes direct patient contact, but also because volunteers are essential for institutions like clinics and hospitals to maintain the communal and friendly environment needed for patients to not feel burdened or stressed emotionally and mentally.

Volunteers are essential in hospice centers as they offer compassionate support to patients and their families during some of the most difficult times. They provide companionship, emotional comfort, and practical help, significantly improving the quality of life of patients. By alleviating loneliness and isolation, volunteers create a vital human connection that enhances emotional well-being. They engage in activities like reading, conversing, and offering a comforting presence, which can be deeply soothing for patients and their loved ones.

Hospitals and hospice centers often face significant resource limitations, and volunteers help address critical care gaps. By handling non-medical tasks, volunteers allow nurses and other healthcare professionals to concentrate on specialized medical care. They assist with administrative duties, run errands, or offer respite care, giving family members a much-needed break. This support is vital to maintaining an efficient and responsive healthcare environment. Moreover, volunteers bring diverse skills and perspectives, enriching the care setting with their unique talents.

The involvement of volunteers in hospice care highlights a community’s dedication to supporting its members and promoting a sense of unity and care. Volunteers frequently become advocates for hospice services in their communities, raising awareness and fostering a culture of compassion and empathy. Their contributions extend beyond immediate care to support the broader mission of hospice centers, which is to deliver holistic, patient-centered care. By bridging the gap between professional healthcare and the personal touch of community care, volunteers ensure that patients receive comprehensive support that meets both their physical and emotional needs.

Despite all these fully structured and well-formatted duties of volunteers, there is still some randomness to being a hospice volunteer. Each hospice patient has unique needs and emotional challenges, so volunteers need to be flexible and ready to adapt. They also need to empathize with both the patient and their caregiver, adjusting their support as situations change. This ability to adapt and empathize highlights how vital volunteers are in hospice care. They face different challenges and emotions daily, requiring them to be emotionally intelligent and resilient. By meeting these varying needs, volunteers help ensure patients feel comfortable and respected during their final days.

In summary, hospice volunteers are incredibly important. They improve the quality of life for terminally ill patients and help professional staff by taking on non-medical tasks. Their compassionate presence and adaptability show the community’s commitment to caring for its members. Volunteers provide a crucial bridge between clinical care and personal connection, making sure patients receive comprehensive support for both their physical and emotional needs. Through their dedication and empathy, volunteers significantly impact the lives of patients and their families.

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a rising junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also a co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medicinal Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.