#TD – Software Engineering

Tag: #TD – Software Engineering

Major Careers in Engineering: Shaping the Future Through Innovation 

Engineering is a diverse field that offers numerous opportunities for innovation and addressing some of the world’s most pressing challenges. For students in the physical and natural sciences career community, there are various exciting paths to explore. Below, we delineate 20 major careers in engineering, each presenting distinctive ways to contribute to society and shape the future. 

Civil Engineering

Civil engineers are tasked with designing and constructing essential infrastructure for modern society, encompassing roads, bridges, water supply systems, and buildings. They ensure that these structures are safe, functional, and environmentally sustainable. Given the escalating urbanization and climate challenges, civil engineers focus on sustainable practices, integrating green technologies into their designs to minimize environmental impact and enhance community resilience. 

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineers apply principles of physics and materials science to design and analyze mechanical systems, ranging from small components, like sensors, to large systems, such as engines and HVAC systems. They are involved in diverse industries, including automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing. Mechanical engineers play a crucial role in optimizing designs for efficiency and functionality, contributing to the development of innovative technologies that drive economic growth. 

Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineers specialize in systems involving electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. They design and develop electrical equipment, including circuits, motors, and power systems. This field is at the forefront of innovations in consumer electronics, telecommunications, and renewable energy. With the increasing emphasis on sustainability, electrical engineers are pivotal in advancing energy-efficient technologies and integrating renewable sources into existing power grids. 

Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineers utilize their comprehensive knowledge of chemistry, physics, and biology to devise processes that transform raw materials into valuable products. They are employed across various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and energy. Their expertise is crucial in crafting processes that are not only efficient but also sustainable, thereby minimizing waste and environmental impact. As the global landscape moves towards more eco-friendly practices, chemical engineers are pioneering the development of safer, more sustainable materials and production methods. 

Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical engineers amalgamate engineering principles with medical sciences to enhance healthcare outcomes. They are responsible for designing medical devices, developing diagnostic equipment, and creating biomaterials for implants and prosthetics. This interdisciplinary field necessitates an understanding of both engineering and biology, enabling professionals to innovate solutions that elevate patient care. Biomedical engineers are also deeply involved in cutting-edge research, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery systems, thereby making substantial contributions to the advancement of medical technology. 

Computer Engineering

Computer engineers are primarily focused on the integration of hardware and software systems. They are engaged in the design and development of computer systems, embedded systems, and networks, operating at the confluence of electrical engineering and computer science. With the rapid advancement of technology, computer engineers play a critical role in fields such as cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Their work propels innovation across various domains, ranging from consumer electronics to large-scale computing infrastructure, exerting a profound impact on daily life and business operations. 

Environmental Engineering

Environmental engineers are tasked with addressing intricate challenges associated with air and water quality, waste management, and sustainability. They are responsible for devising technologies and processes aimed at preventing pollution and mitigating environmental impacts. Their scope of work often encompasses conducting environmental assessments, designing treatment facilities, and implementing sustainable practices within industrial settings. As the global emphasis on climate change and resource conservation intensifies, environmental engineers play a pivotal role in advocating sustainable development and safeguarding public health. 

Aerospace Engineering

Aerospace engineers are engaged in the design and development of aircraft, spacecraft, and associated systems and equipment. Their focus spans various facets of aerospace technology, including aerodynamics, propulsion, and materials. This field necessitates a robust grounding in physics and mathematics, as engineers must ensure that their designs can endure extreme conditions during flight. With the burgeoning interest in commercial space travel and satellite technology, aerospace engineers are at the vanguard of innovation, shaping the future of aviation and space exploration. 

Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineers concentrate on optimizing intricate systems and processes to enhance efficiency, quality, and productivity. They undertake the analysis of workflows, develop production schedules, and implement systems that augment operational performance. Their expertise is invaluable in the manufacturing, logistics, and service industries, where they endeavor to curtail wastage and enhance resource utilization. By applying principles of systems engineering and management, industrial engineers contribute to fostering more efficient and sustainable business practices. 

Software Engineering

Software engineers are responsible for the development, maintenance, and testing of software applications across diverse platforms and industries. They collaborate in teams to create a spectrum of solutions ranging from mobile apps to enterprise-level software. Given the escalating demand for technology across all sectors, software engineers play a pivotal role in steering digital transformation and enriching user experiences. They leverage programming languages, software development methodologies, and tools to craft innovative solutions that align with user needs and business objectives. 

Structural Engineering

Structural engineers specialize in designing structures capable of withstanding environmental forces and human usage. They work closely with architects to ensure that buildings and bridges are not only aesthetically pleasing but also structurally robust. Structural engineers conduct rigorous analyses to ascertain the strength and stability of materials, often utilizing advanced software for simulations. Their expertise is imperative in ensuring public safety and advancing sustainable construction practices. 

Nuclear Engineering

Nuclear engineers are engaged with nuclear energy and radiation, with a specific focus on power generation and safety protocols. They are responsible for designing nuclear reactors, radiation shielding, and systems for nuclear waste management. As the demand for clean energy sources burgeons, nuclear engineers are increasingly involved in developing safer and more efficient nuclear technologies. They also play a crucial role in research and development, ensuring that nuclear energy is harnessed responsibly and sustainably. 

Robotics Engineering 

Robotics engineering involves the design, construction, and programming of robots for diverse applications, including manufacturing, healthcare, and space exploration. This multidisciplinary field integrates mechanical, electrical, and software engineering to create intelligent systems capable of autonomous operation or collaboration with humans. The rapid advancement in this field, driven by the integration of AI and machine learning, has led to significant innovations in automation and smart technologies. As key contributors, robotics engineers are at the forefront of revolutionizing industries and enhancing productivity. 

Petroleum Engineering 

Petroleum engineering focuses on the exploration, extraction, and production of oil and gas resources. Petroleum engineers are responsible for designing drilling methods, evaluating production performance, and developing techniques to improve oil recovery. With the energy sector under pressure to transition to cleaner sources, petroleum engineers are also involved in research aimed at reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuels and exploring alternative energy solutions. 

Mining Engineering 

Mining engineers are tasked with the planning, design, and operation of mines, ensuring the safe and efficient extraction of minerals while minimizing environmental impacts. Their responsibilities encompass the development of methods for waste management, land reclamation, and resource recovery. Given the increasing demand for minerals, mining engineers play a pivotal role in ensuring sustainable and responsible extraction processes. 

Geotechnical Engineering 

Geotechnical engineers analyze soil and rock properties to assess their behavior under various conditions. They design foundations, retaining structures, and earthworks to ensure stability and safety, particularly in construction projects where they must mitigate risks associated with factors such as groundwater and seismic activity. Geotechnical engineers are also involved in environmental assessments and remediation projects, contributing to sustainable land use practices. 

Agricultural Engineering 

Agricultural engineers specialize in the design and enhancement of farming equipment and processes to increase productivity and sustainability. Their work encompasses irrigation systems, soil management, and automated machinery to optimize crop production and address food security challenges while promoting environmentally friendly practices. Agricultural engineers are instrumental in developing technologies that support sustainable farming and resource conservation. 

Marine Engineering 

Marine engineers are responsible for the design and maintenance of ships, submarines, and offshore platforms. They focus on propulsion systems, power generation, and safety equipment to ensure efficient and safe vessel operation in challenging marine environments. With the evolution of the shipping and offshore industries, marine engineers are increasingly dedicated to sustainable practices, including the development of eco-friendly technologies and emission reduction. 

Materials Engineering

Materials engineers are responsible for developing novel materials with specific properties to meet the requirements of various industries. They conduct in-depth studies on the structure and behavior of a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Their groundbreaking innovations drive progress across diverse sectors such as aerospace, electronics, and biomedical applications. As technology continues to advance, materials engineers play a pivotal role in the creation of lightweight, durable, and sustainable materials that significantly enhance product performance. 

Automotive Engineering

Automotive engineers are tasked with the design and development of vehicles, encompassing traditional combustion engines as well as electric and autonomous vehicles. Their focus lies in enhancing performance, safety, and fuel efficiency through the integration of cutting-edge technologies. In light of the automotive industry’s substantial shift towards electrification and automation, automotive engineers are instrumental in shaping the future of transportation and addressing pertinent environmental concerns. 

Conclusion 

Engineering presents a realm of boundless opportunities. Whether one’s interests lie in designing the cities of the future, pioneering new technologies, or confronting environmental challenges, there exists an engineering career path aligned with these passions. The 20 highlighted career paths underscore the diversity within the field, catering to every aspiring student with a keen interest in the physical and natural sciences. 

Dennis Boakye ’26 is a junior with a major in Neuroscience and a minor in Mathematics. He is also the co-president of the Neurolawrence Club and the Synthetic Biology Club and the treasurer for the American Medical Student Association (AMSA, Lawrence Chapter) and the Black Student Union (BSU). Dennis is the current career peer educator for the Health and Medical Professions (HMP) and the Physical and Natural Sciences (PHN) career communities at Lawrence University. Connect with Dennis on LinkedIn.

What Can I Do With a Computer Science Degree? (Part 2)

In Part 1 of our series “What Can I Do With a Computer Science Degree?”, we started looking at the kinds of jobs you can do with a Comp Sci degree and what are the main differences between these options. Because of how broad computer science’s applications are, there are many careers. Here are some more options for you to explore! 

5) Data Scientist:  

Data scientists create mathematical models to address real-world problems to help companies make decisions on anything ranging from how to reduce workplace accidents to how they should market their products.   

Programming languages many data scientists use include Python, R and Java as they’re good for analyzing and visualizing data and SQL which is used for database management. Other important tools they need to know how to use include Hadoop (an open-source software used to work with big data), SAS (suite of software products used to do data management and analysis for business insights), data mining and warehouse where data mining is the process of looking through big datasets and data warehouse is a system created for data analytics. And they need to be familiar with machine learning which examines models and algorithms to analyze large datasets.   

Soft skills include analytics and good problem-solving skills because data scientists need to understand and analyze their data well to see how they can use that information to solve problems. Clear writing and public speaking skills are also necessary because data scientists will need to explain their findings and interpretations to clients, employers and other team members. Being business-focused is also useful as many employers seek data scientists to help them improve their business strategies. 

6) Web Designer:  

Website designers plan and create engaging websites that look aesthetically pleasing and help site users find what they need. Once they finish their creations, designers pass their ideas to web developers who bring the plans to life. However, some designers double as developers and can create websites after designing them. 

Web designers typically need to know how to use JavaScript and HTML as a lot of design software relies on them. Knowing how to use software like Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Dreamweaver is also useful because they are the industry-standard programs for many web designers and allows them to work with other professionals, like developers and project managers, to complete their websites. User interface design is necessary as it allows designers to see their creations through the eyes of an end user with no design experience or helps them make the website accessible.  

Other necessary skills include using software like Adobe Illustrator and Adobe InDesign. CSS is a style sheet language that is used alongside HTML to change aspects like fonts, layers and colors. Excellent graphic design skills can help web designers stand out from everyone else so honing these skills in addition to technical ones is important.  

7) Security Analyst:  

Information security analysts focus on data and network protection to protect their companies’ or organizations’ digital assets. To do so, they need to stay informed about changes in such a fast-evolving field. Information security analysts work with executives, IT teams, and colleagues across their organizations and sometimes train employees about best practices. They establish company security protocols, conduct tests to search for system weaknesses and develop response plans in case security breaches happen. Aside from the challenge of staying up to date with current technology, information security analysts may sometimes deal with stressful situations if a cyberattack occurs. 

Top employers include computer systems design and related services, finance and insurance, and information. Information security analysts usually need a computer science-related bachelor’s degree. With some companies looking for an MBA in information systems. Industry-standard certifications can boost employment prospects for professionals in the field. A security analyst’s job revolves around data and network protection.  

Important hard skills an analyst would need to have include knowing about industry-standard programs like Blackboard, Apache Ant, Symantec, and Django. They also need to know about various databases and software for development, programming, network monitoring, and virus protection. They must also write code to prevent and respond to cyberattacks and need a strong knowledge of how networks function to solve security problems. Key soft skills include strong problem solving, analysis, being attentive to detail and communication skills since they need to analyze and solve security problems effectively then communicate that information clearly to team members, executives and clients throughout the organization. 

8) Software Engineer:   

Computer software engineers apply engineering principles and systematic methods to develop programs and operating data for computers. They work with system programmers, analysts, and other engineers to obtain and apply important information for designing systems, projecting capabilities, and determining performance interfaces. They also analyze user needs, offer advice about designing elements, and help with software installation. Designing software systems requires professionals to consider mathematical models and scientific analysis to project outcomes.  

Programming languages a software engineer might need to be familiar with include Java, SQL, Python, JavaScript, C++ and C#. Other options include Ruby, Rust, PHP and Swift. If you refer to Part 1 of this series, I mentioned in the Software Developer part that different jobs require different languages and will specify their requirements, so learning 3-4 languages very well instead of 6 languages badly would make it easier for you to perform well in the coding interviews and during the job.  

Important soft skills include good communication and organization skills. Software engineers will often need to split attention across different parts of the same project or switch between projects when working on a deadline or to meet the team’s needs. Being attentive to detail is necessary too as they must troubleshoot coding issues and bugs as they happen and track details of many ongoing projects. 

9) Computer and Information Systems Manager/Systems Manager:  

Computer and information systems managers generally oversee the information technology departments within businesses and organizations. A systems manager’s duties depend on organization size and how much technology they use daily. In smaller settings, systems managers may offer support on an as-needed basis, while larger organizations may need larger IT departments with more hands-on systems manager roles. 

Important hard skills systems managers would need to know include network and IT management, which involve overseeing wireless networks, cloud storage, and other systems of data storage and communication and managing daily IT operations or providing support when needed. Project management is a necessary skill because you would be overseeing many IT-based projects like implementing a new computer system, teaching employees how to use a new piece of software or creating new data storage or recordkeeping systems. Knowing how to use MS Office well is necessary as Microsoft creates and manufactures most of the software used by businesses and organizations.  

Soft skills to develop include strong analytical and organizational skills. Leadership skills are important because computer and information systems managers guide the collective efforts of systems analysts, information security professionals, and software developers. As team leaders, they need to delegate, accept responsibilities and always be trustworthy and reliable. System managers need to write reports, instruction manuals and relay information to people with varying technical backgrounds in clear and understandable ways.  

Generally, systems managers hold at least a bachelor’s degree. Graduate education can increase earning potential and may open doors to paths to more advanced careers, but they aren’t necessary. 

If you want to have a deeper look at more specific aspects like salaries and other education requirements, you can check the careers page on computerscience.org. To get help on getting started with a job or internship search, resumes, or interviews or anything else feel free to make an appointment at the Career Center! 

What Can I Do With a Computer Science Degree? (Part 1)

The Tech and Data industry is one of the fastest growing industries and with that, there is a growing demand from companies for people with skills in computer science. But because this industry is so big, there are many broad applications of computer science. What kinds of jobs can you do with a Comp Sci degree and what are the main differences between these options? 

Career paths in computer science require strong programming, analysis and problem-solving skills with most jobs preferring a bachelor’s degree. Here are some potential career paths and their respective requirements.  

1) Software Developer: 

Software developers write and debug software for client applications by using debuggers and visual development environments. They also create applications that can work on their own or boost access to other servers and services and test client software.  

Many employers require candidates to have some prior experience in the field and a bachelor’s degree in software development, computer programming, information technology, or computer science. They typically work in office settings and may also work in a company’s IT department to use their skills to help with any technical problems. 

Software developers need strong programming skills. Some widely used languages include Python, Java, JavaScript, C++ and C#. Different jobs require different languages and will specify in their requirements section what kind of experience they are looking for so you do not have to necessarily learn many languages badly or at a mediocre level, when you can learn a few languages well. Once specializing, you can apply to jobs and/or internships whose requirements match with your skillset. For example, if you are familiar with R, Python and Java and a job or internship requires those languages, then it would be easier for you to perform well in the coding interviews and during the job. But if you spread yourself too thin, then you will not be able to perform as well.  

Developers also need to have good communication skills because they need to communicate with people from non-technical backgrounds like managers and clients. They also need to work well as a team and be able to pay attention to small details to debug their code when it is not working.  

2) Computer Information Researcher: 

Computer information researchers work with human-computer interactions. They study and analyze problems in organizations, using computing technology to provide efficient solutions. They may evaluate the effectiveness of existing technologies and improve them by testing software systems and looking at user needs, analyzing results, and presenting them to stakeholders or at academic conferences. 

A Computer Information Researcher is one of the few careers where employers are likely to require or prefer at least master’s degrees in computer science or related fields. However, there are some federal government positions that only require a bachelor’s degree. This is because researcher roles typically need more advanced degrees. For this reason, information researchers may go so far as to get graduate degrees in computer science as they need to know more hard skills and languages when doing research.  

Computer information researchers need to know about software development to write and maintain source code, machine learning to improve how computers perform certain tasks and how to analyze data to evaluate how effectively a program or software is running. They may also need to know how to use the programming languages, Java and C, and UNIX, a portable operating system that helps programmers develop and run code so that they can share with their colleagues.  

3) Web Developer: 

Web developers deal with building technical front-end and/or back-end code that informs site function. They may work only on front-end code, back-end code, or both, and many jobs also require overlap into web design. They may work independently on a freelance basis or with marketing or IT departments.  

Programming languages that web developers may frequently use include PHP, CSS, HTML, JavaScript, ASP.NET and Angular.Js. Soft skills include multitasking, organizational skills and attention to detail. Web developers also need to consider accessibility and how easily the user can navigate the website to ensure a good user experience.  

4) Video Game Design: 

Video game designers develop video games for as computers, websites, and gaming consoles. Companies like Electronic Arts, Rockstar Games, Nintendo, Ubisoft etc. Hire software developers, graphic designers, web developers and many more with each concentrating on certain factors of game design, such as setting, character design, gameplay etc. They may also work with other gaming professionals to build or test games.  

Like most careers listed here developers need to pay careful attention to detail to spot glitches and ensure efficiency for all elements of a game and be great problem solvers because they need to ensure that all elements (such as story, gameplay, characters, player interactions etc.) come together. However, for video game developers, there may be a greater emphasis on creativity and candidates would need to create their own stories and characters, as well as create innovative ways to keep players engaged. There is also a high emphasis on time management skills as companies need to put out games by hard-set publishing deadlines.  

If you want to have a deeper look at more specific aspects like salaries, job outlooks, other education requirements etc. you can check the careers page on computerscience.org to do so! For help on getting started with a job or internship search, resumes, or interviews, feel free to make an appointment with us, at the Career Center!